An Examination Questions about Fundamentals of Financial Accounting Assignment

An Examination Questions about Fundamentals of Financial Accounting - Assignment Example Bookkeeping is a critical action of the business, which assumes a basic job in the market economy. For example, through bookkeeping, it is workable for different partners of various organizations, particularly financial specialists to assess the dangers and returns that they guess to bring about or gain from putting resources into different associations (Ingram and Albright 22). This is on the grounds that bookkeeping takes into consideration full and reasonable divulgence of such companies’ money related data and execution. Besides, bookkeeping gives capital markets dependable data about the business exercises of different associations. Thus, this data is utilized by financial specialists to decide gainful organizations, in which they can contribute (Ingram and Albright 22). This prompts the expansion of significant worth to society on the grounds that the correct choices to contribute and apportion assets to productive and powerful organizations are utilized bookkeeping data . Furthermore, bookkeeping assumes a job in the assessment of agreements by society since it benefits applicable data (Ingram and Albright 22). Bookkeeping puts associations on the check with the goal that they can watch ecological laws and moderate nature while completing their activities, which benefits the host society of such associations on the loose. For example, duty bookkeeping is accused of instructive obligations to the general public in regard to the law (Bebbington, Laughlin and Gray 407). The ongoing patterns of globalization have impacted bookkeeping rehearses fundamentally. For example, exchange and speculations between nations have expanded. The measure of capital, products and administration stream across local fringes has expanded (Saudagaran 1). This necessitates bookkeeping data must be set up to satisfy the necessary universal guidelines of straightforwardness, dependability, and likeness (CGA Magazine).â

Existing Philosophies in Education Essay Example for Free

Existing Philosophies in Education Essay Presentation †Sex and the instruction of the youngsters and youth about it is a state of social worry that consistently makes moral, good and expert reactions, in light of reasons running from the thought of the subject of sex and its situation in contemporary convictions just as the steady back-and-forth among moderate and nonconformists in training with respect to what ought to be done best in sex and its place in the instructive framework. The article Talking about Sex gave a savvy point in this specific quandary that advanced social orders face today, noticing the ingenuity of ‘sex and sexuality’ in cutting edge promoting while individuals simultaneously dislike showing sex instruction inside schools and learning foundations. A Family Education. com article places the issue in a superior point of view, saying that educators as people likewise convey their own specific ‘issues and concerns’ about sex and that it might influence the way the instructor educates about sex training. Kakuchi (2004) reports about how Japan considers general sex instruction as something that is viewed as destructive to certain youngsters in any event, when a similar report recognizes the way that the attention on a progressively smoothed out sex training is extremely dire in the nation with the information on the instructors and academicians of the degree of consciousness of kids about sex and how an enormous segment of it was not taken from school exercises, homeroom conversations and home instructing, just in light of the fact that the necessities of the compelling sex training encouraging will conflict with existing conventional practices and cultural convictions which would not twist and suit this specific instructive need kids keep on confronting even since the world is in the 21st century. Many accept that sex ought to be instructed in school, while others accept that it ought to stay in the limits of private schooling, so to speak an individual finds it, with the goal that it holds the feeling of security that sex ought to have. For organizations that shows sex training, there still is an obstacle from time to time particularly if the way sex instruction is being educated doesn't make the correct outlook, disposition and learning experience for the understudy. As much it is profoundly fundamental that kids are given the right data about sex instruction, more often than not, the procedure isn't as straightforward as that. What is similarly significant is that†¦ Some may contend that sex training is something which ought to be instructed by a particular individual, yet the fact of the matter is each educator is answerable for having adequate information in sex training since it is something that everybody encounters; it is something that everybody would be pondering and inquisitive about, â€Å"all kids wonder about where children come from†, says an article regarding showing sex instruction; it isn't math that general and complex calculations ought to be remembered and aced for the educator to turn into a skilled educator in this specific point, since sex is to a lesser degree a subject and a greater amount of an ordinary encounter and instructors should enable the understudies to combine the regular involvement in sex interest and the data that it gives/creates by the exhibition of the powerful utilization of the request strategy in instructing. Research proclamation One of the purposes behind the poor blend of offspring of the requested realities, convictions and potential misrepresentations engaged with the general training and definition of the allowance of faith based expectations just as the establishment for the mentality and conduct towards sex and the human regenerative framework is the nonappearance of the key qualities expected of instructors as clarified in the request technique or request training embraced by Neil Postman and Charles Weingartner, and that because of which, many present day sexual degenerates and sex-related lawbreakers are, to some degree, a segment of the gathering (what contains people with unfriendly sexual hindrances and bearers of confused sex-related data) that neglect to be acceptable students as a result of the incapable utilization of the request strategy/request instruction by the educator, especially about sex. Supporting Arguments â€The inquire about explanation will be analyzed through the more explicit conversations of specific key focuses that make up the arrangement of supporting contentions that the paper will give the key part to the primary concern of the exploration articulation, which is critical today since numerous instructors and academicians are in steady quest for the ideal recipe in showing sex training, especially in nations wherein there are no recognizable impact of sex instruction and that issues recently credited to the absence of sex training is as yet common regardless of the nearness of sex training today. In Japan, these issues are entirely noticeable in measurements concerning high school sex, adolescent pregnancy and other sex-related social concern, this in spite of the way that Japan is showing sex training to younger students as ahead of schedule as the third grade. To begin with, educators become disappointments in the powerful utilization of the characterisitcs for good instructors in the request strategy each time they give immediate and careful responses to sex-related requests by youngsters due to the conviction this is the thing that customary ethics direct. Mailman and Weingartner (1969), in the book ‘Teaching as a Subversive Activity’, noticed that during the time spent the using the characterisitcs of the request strategy successfully and utilizing it to viably educate and address understudy concerns, instructors ought to abstain from giving straightforward replies answers, all the more in this way, abstain from authorizing sex-related data in a what-you-should know group. The basic traps wherein instructors fall into is the respecting the sense of giving responses to inquiries in an as-a-matte-of-reality way, which isn't mistaken but at the same time isn't the best way to show sex training. Educators should realize that there is as much enthusiastic and mental viewpoints in the instructing and learning of sex training as there is the physical part of showing sex instruction that understudies ought to be permitted the road to feel that singular sentiments and the distinctions in close to home life foundation likewise matt er in the conversation and in the general learning process engaged with sex training. In any case, the issue is that there are numerous cases this isn't followed, and this is for the most part a result of the way that sex instruction in certain regions in the US and prevalently in other customary and strict nations are as yet no-no †homeroom educators and academicians keep on staying away from the way that the introduction of today’s youngsters to an ever increasing number of types of broad communications and mainstream media originating from various culture other than theirs are on the whole factors in the expanded improvement of a child’s request towards sex and different points that may relate to physical closeness, the feeling of sexual joy and sex. Instructors ought to envision the way that while the request of the kids about sex are most presumably homogenous and concentrated on a similar region, the educator should at present abstain from giving careful, enclosed answers and rather permit understudies to ventilate their inquiries and toss inquiries at one another with the goal that the feeling of ‘taboo’ in the theme is lessened, taking into consideration the crumbling of the dividers that it worked inside the cognizance of the kid and permitting the section of instructor interceded thoughts that don't stop, as sex training is a procedure of consistent learning. Furthermore, a few educators misjudge the possibility that Postman and Weingartner proposed in their community oriented work about how instructors should utilize addressing and the utilization of dissimilar inquiries as a type of encouraging the convergence of thoughts between understudies by rather scrutinizing the feeling of good and bad and individual ethics of the understudies (which puts the profound quality divider up and shuts the road for the passage of data and training) and by giving inquiries that redirect the conversation/theme completely to another distinctive point with the goal that the educator expels herself/himself from the situation of being ethically and morally answerable for the sex instruction of the understudies, by and large due to the affirmation of the teacher’s own inadequacy in both the utilization of request technique just as the nonappearance of the dominance in the subject. What Postman and Weingartner had as a top priority when they clarified this specific attribute of the request technique is that the instructor ought to give a few inquiries himself/herself to understudies so they can permit the understudies to investigate more into the theme, in this way permitting training and learning traffic to move reliably in and around the study hall and inside the brains of the understudies. Another confirmation to the high chance of the nearness of issues in showing sex training concerning the abuse and absence of adherence to the request strategy is that sex instruction is for the most part in a uniform structure that frustrates suddenness and cutoff points conversation in a particular territory, coming about to certain understudies stifling inquiries or having questions which were left unanswered while the instructors themselves don't know on the most proficient method to encourage the conversation once questions begin pouring in and may appear to lead more distant and more remote from the first purpose of conversation. Once more, it ought to be repeated that since it is an encounter which may convey diverse passionate and mental stuff for each person, instructors ought not convey exercises about sex like it is as basic as expansion in a math class or the utilization of right subject-action word understanding in an English composition and syntax class. The Family Education website’s article on encouraging youngsters sex instruction brings up that grown-ups who train it can't ‘plan when and where kids decide to get some information about sex and as showed in the request strategy in te

The World is a Wonderful Place

The World is a Wonderful Place A true story, happened in 1892 at Stanford University:An 18-year-old student was struggling to pay his fees. He was an orphan, and not knowing where to turn for money, he came up with a bright idea. He and a friend decided to host a musical concert on campus to raise money for their education.They reached out to the great pianist Ignacy J. Paderewski. His manager demanded a guaranteed fee of $2000 for the piano recital. A deal was struck and the boys began to work to make the concert a success. The big day arrived. But unfortunately, they had not managed to sell enough tickets. The total collection was only $1600. Disappointed, they went to Paderewski and explained their plight. They gave him the entire $1600, plus a cheque for the balance $400. They promised to honour the cheque at the soonest possible.“No,” said Paderewski. “This is not acceptable.” He tore up the cheque, returned the $1600 and told the two boys: “Here’s the $1600. Please deduct whatever expenses you h ave incurred. Keep the money you need for your fees. And just give me whatever is left”. The boys were surprised, and thanked him profusely.It was a small act of kindness. But it clearly marked out Paderewski as a great human being.Why should he help two people he did not even know? We all come across situations like these in our lives. And most of us only think “If I help them, what would happen to me?” The truly great people think, “If I don’t help them, what will happen to them?” They don’t do it expecting something in return. They do it because they feel it’s the right thing to do.Paderewski later went on to become the Prime Minister of Poland. He was a great leader, but unfortunately when the World War began, Poland was ravaged. There were more than 1.5 million people starving in his country, and no money to feed them. Paderewski did not know where to turn for help. He reached out to the US Food and Relief Administration for help.The head there was a man called Herbert Hoover â€" who later went on to become the US President. Hoover agreed to help and quickly shipped tons of foodgrains to feed the starving Polish people.A calamity was averted. Paderewski was relieved. He decided to go across to meet Hoover and personally thank him. When Paderewski began to thank Hoover for his noble gesture, Hoover quickly interjected and said, “You shouldn’t be thanking me Mr. Prime Minister. You may not remember this, but several years ago, you helped two young students go through college. I was one of them.”The world is a wonderful place. What goes around comes around!Author Unknown Related story: http://academictips.org/blogs/what-goes-around-comes-around/

Comprehensive Busines Goverance Plan - 2601 Words

Comprehensive Business Governance Plan Georgia A. Jackson-Thompson University of Phoenix Political Acumen and Ethics PHL 736 John Fossum March 25, 2013 Comprehensive Business Governance Plan Bienvenidos is a nonprofit organization developing from a small organizational structure to middle to large organization with revenues and supports totaling $15,500.383, that consist of 90.3% in program services and 9.7% in support (Bienvenidos Website, 2013, Annual Report). Over 25 years ago, Bienvenidos began providing services throughout the Los Angeles Counties and continues to develop new services as needed. The organization†¦show more content†¦The governance plan will provide a strategy for implementation and preliminary structure to facilitate the plan if adopted by Bienvenidos executive team. Importance and benefits of the governance plan for Bienvenidos The non-profit [Spell as one word without hyphen] governance plan a function that provides standards and guidelines for a str uctured board of directors (McCambridge, 2004; Renz, 2013) and controls the organization to meet stakeholders and business goal (Goergen, 2012). To further explain governance, it is the manner in which decision-making is processed based [Passive voice ] on the approved and established mission, values, and vision. Bienvenidos mission, values, and vision are as follows: Mission â€Å"Bienvenidos is a compassionate community of care dedicated to healing children, strengthening families, and transforming communities Vision The vision is of a society in which every family can provide a loving, healthy, and secure home where children can grow and thrive. Values Bienvenidos strives to commit to providing the highest quality services to the most vulnerable children and their families in the Los Angeles area. Our strength is the result of the team effort of our employees, our volunteer leadership, our funders, and our program participants in the highest regard (Bienvenidos Website, 2013). Leaders should take pride in

Effect Of N Acetyl Cysteine ( Nac ) On The Cognitive...

This article is a study conducted on the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on the cognitive functions in bipolar disorder (BD). This article informs the readers that BD, a disorder characterized by extreme mood swings of mania and depression. BD is also found to alter cognitive functions. The use of NAC as a form of treatment is an adjunct therapy for the symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as NAC intake showed an increase in antioxidant and glutathione levels, decrease inflammatory cytokines, and enhance neurogenesis. The double-blind and placebo-controlled study mentioned in this article was to determine if 2000 mg per day of NAC intake would improve cognitive function in a period of six months. The participants were randomly assigned to taking 2000mg/day of NAC or a placebo. After six months, the results of the NAC intake showed that symptoms of depression in bipolar disorder improved. The functioning and quality of life also improved, but there was no change in the co gnitive functions of a person with bipolar disorder. This study, however, was not able to support its hypothesis on cognitive improvement, but it emphasized NAC’s effectiveness in bipolar disorder therapy. Several factors limited the findings. The short timeframe and small sample size provided an unsuccessful result. Experiments and further investigations with a longer duration and larger sample size should be carried out to confirm the effects of NAC in bipolar disorder. This article was not

The Differences between the Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel Free Essays

The differences between Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel There are two celebrated edifices in the universe, called Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel. Empire State Building is located in New York, and it is one of the tallest constructions in New York, even in the universe. Another one of the universe tallest edifices is Burj Al-Arab Hotel, it is located in Dubai. We will write a custom essay sample on The Differences between the Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this essay, I will compare and contrast them in history, uses and being celebrated. In the Empire State Building’s history, it is 1250 pess tall and was the tallest edifice in the universe when it was built in 1931. At that clip, it was non merely go a landmark of New York, but besides became a symbol of accomplishing the impossible. There was a skyscraper race in the universe in 20 century. Walter Chrysler, the laminitis of the Chrysler Corporation, was building a monumental edifice, the tallness of which he was maintaining secret until the edifice ‘s completion. John Jakob Raskob, antecedently a frailty president of General Motors, decided to fall in this race, and he wanted to crush Chrysler. Not cognizing precisely what height he had to crush, John started building on his ain edifice, the Empire State Building. The Empire State Building completed with an astonishing effort that the full edifice was constructed in merely one twelvemonth and 45 yearss and merely cost around 41 million dollars ( Jennifer Rosenberg ) . Similarly, there are besides many glorifications in the history of Burj Al-Arab Hotel. For illustration, it was the tallest sea-based hotel in the universe at a tallness of 321 metres when it was completed in 1999. As the ground of edifice Burj Al-Arab Hotel is wholly different with the Empire State Building, that the authorities of Dubai wanted a edifice that would go an iconic or symbolic statement with the name of the state, merely as what it has been. The design of Burj Al-Arab Hotel was inspired by the wind-filled canvass of an Arab trading dhow ship, and that is why it is built on an unreal island. Unlike the Empire State Building, the building of Burj Al-Arab Hotel cost a big sum of money and clip that it was built in 1994 and be around 650 million dollars to construct. And this money made it go the coal of the Leading Hotels of the World ( Rick Archer ) . The Empire State Building is built as an office edifice, so the primary use is supplying office infinites for companies. But because it is located on the most comfortable parts of Manhattan Island, the rent of office infinites is expensive. Even though the rent is excessively dearly-won, the major companies of different countries, such as finance, touristry and insurance, lease an office in the Empire State Building, because of its celebrated and demoing the capacities of their companies. In add-on, the Empire State Building is known by the universe, so it becomes one of the most celebrated tourer attractive forces in New York. For absorbing more tourers, there are different sorts of exhibitions in the museum of the Empire State Building. Of class, many sorts of bars and nines are necessary, and tourers can see all attractive forces in New York in several proceedingss ( Empire State Building ) . However, as a hotel, the uses of Burj Al-Arab Hotel are about different with the Empire State Building, it is built for touristry. But because Dubai wanted to do it go an iconic, the Burj Al-Arab Hotel was absolutely built with strong Islamic manner, excessive decor and high engineering ( Burj Al-Arab Hotel ) . Similar to the Empire State Building, this makes it go one of the most celebrated and the most expensive hotels in the universe, the every night rates start merely north of $ 1500. Both Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel have a phase on the acme of them, although the phase of Burj Al-Arab Hotel is a rooftop helipad. So if you are affluent plenty to populate in it, the hotel besides offers chopper service from the airdrome to hotel ( Justin Delaney ) . As we know, the Empire State Building is the world’s most celebrated office edifice, but I want to inquire, why does it go such celebrated? And I found out that it is celebrated by its tallness and films. And the major ground is from the clip it was built in the 1930 ‘s to the edifice of the World Trade Center towers in the 1970 ‘s it was the tallest edifice in the universe, even now it still ranks among the top 10 and is the tallest edifice in New York ( Why is the Empire State Building celebrated? ) . Furthermore, the film that made it celebrated isKing Kong, one of the most noteworthy films in American history. In this film, the originalKing Kongof 1933 used a theoretical account of the newly-completed Empire State Building for Kong to mount at the flood tide ( What film made the Empire State Building celebrated? ) . This image non merely made the Empire State Building noticed by the universe, but besides became the most authoritative scene ofKing Kong. Similarly, Burj Al-Arab Hotel used to be world’s tallest hotel, but now it is still the world’s 2nd tallest hotel. on the other manus, it is non simply celebrated by its tallness, its expensiveness is besides celebrated in the universe. For illustration, the monetary value of a Royal suite is 20 1000 dollars, per dark. The monetary value can make the cost of a mid-sized saloon, doing it one of the universe ‘s most expensive suites, even a smallest room besides needs 1500 dollars. But the expensiveness is sensible, because the installations and helping of Burj Al-Arab Hotel are the best in the universe. For case, when the clients of Burj Al-Arab Hotel go out of the airdrome, they have two lavish picks: travel to hotel by Rolls Royce saloons or chopper. If you choose helicopter, you will hold a opportunity to watch the Dubai from sky in 15 proceedingss. Those are the grounds why they have a batch of clients, even the suites are expensive ( Burj Al-Arab Hotel ) . Why did I want to compare the Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel? Because these two edifice represent the people who live in different period and different states. The Empire State Building shows America had become one of the most affluent states in 1930, and American people liked to demo their power and wealth. For the Burj Al-Arab Hotel, it shows the Dubai had an outstanding economic system, and the Arabs more attention about their state After comparing the Empire State Building and the Burj Al-Arab Hotel in three different ways, I found out: In history, they were built for different intents, the Empire State Building was built for a personal glorification, but the Burj Al-Arab Hotel was built because of the dream of doing a landmark for Dubai, but likewise, both of them used to be the tallest edifice in their types ; in uses, both constructions link to the local touristry, although the Empire State Building besides provides offices to companies ; in being celebrated, both of them are celebrated for their tallness, nevertheless, the Empire State is besides celebrated by a film,King Kong, and the Burj Al-Arab Hotel is besides celebrated for its expensiveness and helping. Overall, even though they are similar in some parts, they still represent different images of their states to the universe. Work Cited â€Å"Burj Al-Arab Hotel† . baike.com Feb 11 2014 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.baike.com/wiki/ % E9 % 98 % BF % E6 % 8B % 89 % E4 % BC % AF % E5 % A1 % 94 % E9 % 85 % 92 % E5 % BA % 97 â€Å"Empire State Building† . Baike.com Feb 11 2014 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.baike.com/wiki/ % E5 % B8 % 9D % E5 % 9B % BD % E5 % A4 % A7 % E5 % 8E % A6 Jennifer Rosenberg. â€Å"The Empire State Building † . About.com. Feb 9 2014. hypertext transfer protocol: //history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirestatebldg.htm Justin Delaney. â€Å"Dubai ‘s iconic Burj Al Arab – the universe ‘s most glamourous hotel † . gadling.com. Jun 21 2011. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gadling.com/2011/06/21/the-iconic-burj-al-arab-the-worlds-most-glamorous-hotel/ Rick Archer. â€Å"The Most Beautiful Hotel in the World † . ssqq.com. July 2004 hypertext transfer protocol: //ssqq.com/archive/vinlin23.htm â€Å"What film made the Empire State Building celebrated? † wiki.answers.com Feb 11 2014 hypertext transfer protocol: //wiki.answers.com/Q/What_movie_made_the_Empire_State_Building_famous # slide=3 A ; article=What_movie_made_the_Empire_State_Building_famous â€Å"Why is the Empire State Building celebrated? † wiki.answers.com Feb 11 2014 hypertext transfer protocol: //wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_the_Empire_State_Building_famous # slide=7 A ; article=Why_is_the_Empire_State_Building_famous How to cite The Differences between the Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel, Essay examples

Describe About Systems Analysis & Design With UML 2.0 of Rusty Wrecks

Question: Describe about the Systems Analysis and Design with UML 2.0 ? Answer: Introduction This report includes class diagram of the complete system of the Rusty Wrecks Business, sequence diagram for two specific situations and use case description of booking a service. The diagrams have been designed using Visual Paradigm Software. Class Diagram The class diagram for the entire system of the Rusty Wrecks business is, Use Case Description The use case description for Book Service is, Use Case ID U1 Title Book Service Actor(s) The primary actor is customer. Secondary actor is salesperson. Pre-conditions The service to be booked must be available in the system. The customer details must be available in the system. Post-conditions A booking for a service, will be made. Normal Flow Customer calls Rusty Wrecks. Salesperson check the system for the customer details. Salesperson ask for what type of service is needed by the customer. Salesperson checks for the service in the system. Salesperson tells the customer, the price of the service. Customer agrees with the price. Salesperson checks for the next available slot for the service. Customer agrees with the date and time of the slot. Salesperson enters booking details into the system. Alternative Flow Customer is a new customer, Salesperson enters the details of the customer into the system. Then it follows the normal flow. Customer does not agrees with the price. It follows the normal flow until the customer disagrees with the price. End of the process and no booking is made. Customer does not accept next available time slot. It follows the normal flow until the customer disagrees with the available time slot. End of the process and no booking is made. Exceptions None Sequence Diagram The sequence diagram for condition a is, The sequence diagram for condition b is, References Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H. Tegarden, D., 2011. Systems Analysis and Design with UML 2.0. s.l.:John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Larman, C., 2012. Applying Uml And Patterns. s.l.:Pearson . Microsoft (MSDN), 2013. UML Use Case Diagrams: Guidelines. [Online] Available at: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd409432.aspx [Accessed 6 August 2015].

Performance Analysis free essay sample

In 2010, the global economy had shown a slight recovery from the downfall of previous year, despite the expiry of government economic stimulus programs in many countries. The continued expansionary monetary policy and the rapid growth expansion in the emerging markets led to above-average growth of the global economy. High-export countries such as Germany benefited from the double-digit growth of global trade. The automotive industry as a whole recovered from previous year’s financial and economic crisis and riding on this upstream Volkswagen Group successfully strengthen its market position setting a new milestone with its output exceeding the seven million mark for the first time, an impressive increase of 13. 7% vehicle deliveries. Basically, the Volkswagen Group is subdivided into two divisions which is Automotive Division that focus on the development of vehicles and engines, the production and sale of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, trucks and busses and the genuine parts business while the Financial Services Division’s provides financial solutions to its clientele such as dealer and customer financing, leasing, banking, insurance activities and lastly fleet management. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Performance In year 2010, Volkswagen Group recorded an increased in unit sales of 15. 4% year-on-year to 7. 3 million vehicles while sales revenue was up by 20. 6% to â‚ ¬126. 9 billion. Furthermore, the Western Europe counter-parts have yet to redeem themselves from the 2008 financial crisis contributed to the slowdown. Although there is also an increase in sales in Europe or remaining markets, especially because of the rapid new car registration in Russia, it was not sufficient to offset the overall decay in sales revenue for the region. Meanwhile for North America, unit sales of group vehicles was 0. million and the sales revenue improved by 33. 3% to â‚ ¬15. 2 billion. In South America, with a growth rate of 7. 5% in Brazil and 8. 3% in Argentina, the group sold 0. 9 million units far exceeding the previous year’s figure by 9. 7%. Judging from the figures mentioned earlier, in seems that the automotive industries in established markets were heavily supported by government economic stimulus programs in 2010. In the case of Volkwagen Group, the incentives provided by their home country was the main catalyst behind their strong surge in sales during the financial turmoil allowing them to improve their market share in the small vehicles segment. Besides political help, the weakening of the euro in 2010 strengthens the income proceeds generated from abroad. Hence, in order to ensure its business remains profitable, Volkswagen Group would continue to strenghten their foothold in developing nations such as China, India, Russia and Brazil where growth opportunities are still present.

Capitalism vs Communism essays

Capitalism vs Communism essays Capitalism and Communism are two totally different economic systems. Capitalism is a much better economic system than Communism. Capitalism is an economic system characterized by freedom of the market and is the economic system where you do not have freedom because the government will make most of your decisions for you. Capitalism has many pros to go along with its economy. The government will change gradually, but is able to adjust to it with ease. Each person also has individual freedom with lack of government interference. We also have the freedom to choose what we want and when we want it. On the other hand, not everybody will have a job, and the government will not help him or her find one. If you do have a job, everyone will be getting paid the same amount of money as you do. It all depends on what you do, whom you work for, and how long you decide to work. Communism has many drastic chances at a time, but is able to handle them. The bad things about communism is that everybody has a job, but no matter how much you work or whom you work for, you will always be getting paid the same amount of money as everyone else. Another bad thing about communism is that consumers will not always get what they want because the government decides on what you will buy. When you go to the store, you have a choice of what you want to buy. If you are communist, the government decides for you. Because of this, you can not always get what you want which is why communism is not a good economy to live in. In our economy, you must work to make money. The more you work, the more you will get paid and now you will be able to buy what you need, and what you want. In a communist economy, you can work as much as or as little you want, but you will still get paid the same amount of money as everyone else. Why would you want to work so hard if you were going to make the same amount of money? If you hardly ever put any effort ...

Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Budgeting - Essay Example The intention of this study is a budget as a financial plan expressed in terms of money that helps budget holders achieve organizational goals and objectives in an appropriate manner. In construction industry, budget helps companies in the process of financial analysis. Through budgeting, management of the organizations can know the financial position of the organization. They can know what is actually going on in terms of capital use for business activities. Budgeting helps in providing the management with the information regarding available capital, current financial position, and future expenditures of the ongoing business activities. Through efficient budgeting, the organizations can save money and related expenditures regarding various business activities. Budgets help in cutting off the extra costs and make money available for use in other financial activities.Proper planning plays an important role in the success of a construction company. Budgeting plays a very important role in this regard. Planning is the second function of budgeting. After forecasting the financial position, a company decides its future activities, such as, investment decisions, loan decisions, and buying or selling decisions. Communication is another major function of budgeting. If an organization makes some sort of financial deal with another organization, budgeting is that technique which can resolve the issue related to use of capital between the two parties. Priorities can be set between the two organizations regarding the financial issues. An effective budget would help the organizations in communicating with each other for the purpose of discussing where the money should be spent and how much money should be spent. 2.4 Motivation Budgeting plays an important role in motivating staff of the company. After analyzing the financial position of the company, managers can develop such plans for the employees that are able to improve their efficiency and motivation. For example, if a company develops effective compensation plans, it can result in favor of the company because employees like to work for a company which values their performances and provides them with the compensation and rewards that they deserve. However, development of compensation plans is directly related on the available budget of a company. If a company will have enough budgets for developing and implementing such plans, only then compensation plans can be developed which will ultimately result in motivating employees and improving their individual and group performances. 2.5 Evaluation In construction industry, evaluation of financial and other business processes plays a very important role. Budget represents the target performance which managers measure with the actual

How do old design techniques differs from the new technological ones Essay

How do old design techniques differs from the new technological ones - Essay Example Are these new methods better in quality as compared to the preceding old methods? This paper will aim at trying to answer the question concerning the quality of the old methods in design as compared to the current design methods, which have a computer-precise technological aspect. Although new technology such as CAD can deliver highly precise designs and measurements, older design methods and practices which could not depend on computer technology had some meaningful value worth preserving. One of the earliest design practices in general is a period of apprenticeship. This form of on-the-job training can be referred to as a system steeped in antiquity. For instance, the practice is mentioned in Hammurabi’s code of ancient Babylon written around 4,000 years ago: ‘A craftsman often adopted a son to learn the craft. He profited by the sons labour. If he failed to teach his son the craft, that son could prosecute him and get the contract annulled. This was a form of apprenticeship, and it is not clear that the apprentice had any filial relation’ (Horne, 1915) at this time in history. The greatest asset for a designer was the technical knowledge the apprentice could learn from his master. This method can be said of great quality as compared to the new technological design methods because the knowledge obtained in such methods of design were practical and provided contextual knowledge which is hard to get in a classroom. Compared to the ancient methods of apprenticeship instruction for great works such as the pyramids or ancient temples, design instruction practices moved away from this tradition and became largely theoretical, employing the practical element very limitedly. For instance, during the medieval period of the fifth to the fifteenth centuries AD, great cathedrals were designed throughout Western Europe by inexact measurements, probably the correlation between sets of dividers, one small, the other large. At this point in

Methods Used in the Bio-Medical Industry

Methods Used in the Bio-Medical Industry In this essay we will be exploring three methods by which materials are either separated, analysed, or both and their relevance and application in the biomedical industry. We will be looking at Electrophoresis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Gas Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GLC-MS). Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA material based on their size which has applications in DNA forensics. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is a technique used to visually determine what the composition of a live tissue is which has applications in medical science. Gas Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry is a technique used to determine the chemical composition of the substance that is being tested which has applications in blood doping in sports where the blood needs to be chemically analysed for its composition whether it contains banned substances. Chemistry is a very broad subject which has influence in almost every industry. This essay will attempt to cover these three methods knowing that it has only skimmed the surface. The first separation technique that we will discuss is electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is used extensively in biochemical analysis. In particular, it is used in DNA fingerprinting and profiling in the field of forensic science. It can be used to separate, identify and purify proteins and nucleic acids. It can be used with amino acids and peptides obtained when a protein is hydrolysed. This basis for how this method works is that it depends on the fact that all DNA molecules are polar. Thus it is known to be impossible for there to have a compound with the same polarities. Another issue that might be raised is would the mass of the sample affect this separation technique? The answer is yes and no. It will affect it by making the DNA fingerprinting band hard to form. Thus chemists have developed different agarose medium gels for different compounds that have different properties such as pH and mass. The agarose gel can differ in density and pH, for example, to accommodate the differen t types of sample that is being tested. In that way, the effect that mass or even pH might on the result is negated and an accurate result is produced. The DNA of each person is basically similar in its chemical structure. The two strands in the double helix of DNA are held in place via hydrogen bonds between base pairs. The DNA stores the information – call the genes – that provide the genetic blueprints for making proteins. However, there are segments along the DNA molecules which do not seem to carry the instructions needed to make proteins. These bits of DNA are repeated along the DNA molecule. They are called ‘minisatellites’. The number and sequence of these is unique to each person. DNA fingerprinting is based on matching these minisatellite regions of DNA. We inherit half from our mother and the other half from our father. How does it work? Firstly, DNA would be extracted from a sample such as a murder weapon. Next, Restriction enzymes are used to ‘cut’ the DNA molecule at specific places where the same sequences occurs, making smaller fragments for analysis. Because DNA fragments are all negatively charged because of the phosphate groups present them will all move towards the positive electrode in gel electrophoresis. When they move towards the positive electrode in gel electrophoresis, the fragments move at different rates because they have different sizes. And this creates bands. The bands are then made visible by radioactive labelling of the bands with the phosphorus-32 isotope, which causes photographic film to fog. Thus the result is a film that can reveal the positions of the bands and by inference, the identity of the person whose DNA is being tested upon. The analytical technique of electrophoresis is based on separating ions placed in an electric field. If a sample is placed between two electrodes, positively charged ions will move towards a negatively charged electrode. Negatively charged ions will move towards a positively charged electrode. The sample is placed on absorbent paper or on a gel supported on a solid base such as a glass plate. A buffer solution carries the ions along. A buffer solution or medium is used in this method. This is to not only provide a means for the electricity to separate the ions but also as a means to stabilize the pH level because it will affect the movement of ions during electrophoresis. The rate at which the ions move towards the oppositely charged electrode depends, amongst other things, on the size and charge on the ions: larger ions will move more slowly; highly charged ions will move more quickly. Therefore the ions are separated as the electric field is applied. A series of lines or bands on the paper or gel appears once a chemical is applied. Sometimes ultraviolet light is used to show the bands up. The series of bands is called an electropherogram. The bands form a sort of fingerprint as every DNA will show up a different series of bands. In the same way that a thumbprint is uniqu e to a person, these bands made by DNA is unique to every person. A particular limitation is that this experiment does require electricity, an agarose gel medium, a container to store the gel, and it requires a lab free from impurities as it has a high intolerance for contaminants. This may limit the reach of DNA fingerprinting in rural areas or places in third-world countries where access to a biologically clean lab may be difficult. The transport equation for electrophoresis is . C would represent the concentration of the substance undergoing electrophoresis and t wold represent the transport after progressing for a time. This equation explains how time actually affects the concentration of the substance. (Jordan and Mills, 1966) The next technique that we will look at is an analytical technique called the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR is mainly used to diagnose medical problems. The technique of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanning has been adapted from NMR spectroscopy. The patient is placed inside a body scanner which generates a powerful magnetic field. A computer analyses the radiowaves absorbed by 1H nuclei in successive ‘slices’ of the body, combining these to make a 3-D image of organs inside the body. The reason that a 3D picture of an organ can be produced just by flipping protons in different magnetic environments can be explained as such. By flipping the protons, a magnetic wave is produced. This wave contains energy that can be measured. When scanning the body, the strength and pattern of this wave is hugely affected by the type, density, and weight of the body that is being measured. Different parts of the body will give off a different wave because not all parts of the body are the same. Some parts of the body contain more muscle or bone than other parts. Thus after scanning the body, data is collected from scanning the different parts of the body that yield different results. Computer imaging software then processes the data that has been collected by the MRI machine and produces a 3D image based on the type of data that it receives. In this way NMR can be explained as such. MRI is much safer than high-energy X-ray imaging. As an example of its use, MRI can monitor the success of cancer treatment in reducing the size of tumours. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a widely used analytical technique for organic compounds. NMR is based on the fact that the nucleus of each hydrogen atom in an organic molecule behaves like a tiny magnet. The nucleus of a hydrogen atom consists of a single proton. The proton can spin. This movement of the positively charged proton causes a very small magnetic field to be set up. In NMR the sample is goes to be analysed in a magnetic field. The hydrogen nuclei (protons) either line up with the field or, by spinning in the opposite direction, line up against it. There is a tiny difference in energy between the oppositely spinning 1H nuclei. This difference corresponds to the energy carried by waves in the radiowave range of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. In NMR spectroscopy the nuclei ‘flip’ between the two energy levels. Only atoms whose mass number is an odd number, e.g. 1H or 13C, absorb energy in the range of frequencies that are analysed. The size of the gap between the nuclear energy levels varies slightly, depending on the other atoms in the molecule (the molecular environment). Therefore, NMR can be used to identify 1H atoms in different parts of a molecule. In NMR spectroscopy, we vary the magnetic field as that is easier than varying the wavelength of radiowaves. As the magnetic field is varied, the 1H nuclei in different molecular environments flip at different field strengths. The different field strengths are measured relative to a reference compound which is given a value of zero. The standard compound chosen is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS was chosen because it is an inert, volatile liquid which mixes well with most organic compounds. Its formula is Si (CH3)4, so all its H atoms are equivalent (i.e. they are all in the same molecular environment). TMS only gives one, sharp absorption, called a peak, and this peak is at a higher frequency than most other protons. All other absorptions are measured by their sh ift away from the TMS line on the NMR spectrum. This is called the chemical shift (ÃŽ ´), and is measured in units of parts per million (ppm). The spins within the MRI possess a natural frequency that is proportional to the magnetic field. This is called the Larmor relationship equation. This equation explains the method behind the MRI. Larmor relationship equation ω = ÃŽ ³B Some limitations that can be inferred from data would be that portability, the need for a large amount of electricity, the exclusion of people with tattoos that has ink mixed with metal, people with pacemakers, morbidly obese people, or people who are claustrophobic. Lastly we will look at a separation and analytical technique called the gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer technique. To identify the components in a mixture, it is possible to link a gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) apparatus directly to a mass spectrometer. This combined technique is very sensitive, and any two solutes that can be separated with a time gap of 1 second on a GLC column can be identified almost instantly by the mass spectrometer without the need to be collected. Identification is by comparing the mass spectrum of each solute with the mass spectra of known compounds, using a computer’s spectral database. The generated is complex. There can be many components in a mixture, each with a peak at its particular retention time on the chromatogram, and each peak will generate its own characteristic series of lines in the mass spectrometer. It is possible to combine the chromatogram and the mass spectra to display the data on a 3-D graph. GLC linked to a mass spectrometer is used for analysing complex mixtures. The combined technique is fast and gives reliable results that can identify trace quantities of pollutants, drugs, biochemical molecules and toxins. This means it is used in: forensics, environmental monitoring of pollutants, drug testing in sports, geological and archaeological dating, or even airport security. Gas-liquid chromatography, referred to as GLC, uses partitioning to separate and identify the components in a mixture. How does it work? First, an inert carrier gas such as nitrogen passes in the gas chromatograph to flush the mixture of vapours through the instrument. The mixture to be separated is injected into the instrument through a self-sealing rubber port. Next, an oven heats the injector to vaporise the contents of the mixture, to turn the mixture into a gas if it is not a gas yet. The sample passes through a snail like column oven. After which, the column oven keeps the mixture inside the column in the gaseous state and at a constant temperature. Within the long and thin column there will be a stationary phase, which is often a non-volatile liquid coated onto a solid support. Next, the components of the mixture interact with the stationary phase to different extents, so they move through the column at different rates. Then it passes the sample on to the mass spectrometer to be identified through a tube that is kept at a warm temperature. The stationary phase is an inert carrier gas. This is packed tightly into a column. This has to be forced under pressure through the densely packed column where separation occurs. The tiny solid particles in the column have a very large surface area over which partitioning can occur, resulting in excellent separation. The more polar components in the mixture have a greater relative solubility in the polar solvent. Therefore they are carried through the column faster than components whose molecules are more non-polar (which dissolves better in the non-polar stationary phase in the column). The detector records retention times, i.e. how long it takes each component to pass through the column. The area under each peak recorded is proportional to the amount of solute emerging from the column. For quantitative analysis, the component peaks are first identified and then the area of each is measured. The peaks are roughly triangular in shape so their area follows the area formula. Area is The sample would now go into the mass spectrometer where it will analyse the components of the mixture as they emerge from the column. In the mass spectrometer’s results you can determine the relative proportions of the components of the mixture (from the relative areas of the peaks obtained from the recorded current flow) and the identity of each substance (by matching their mass spectra against a computer database of know spectra (fingerprinting). How does the mass spectrometer separate and identify the gas? First, The vacuum pump first removes unwanted previous sample and air which could interact with the sample by either colliding or reacting with the sample which would contaminate the sample and interfere with the final result. The sample then enters through the sample inlet to proceed to the inside of the mass spectrometer. Next, the sample would enter the vaporisation chamber where a heating coil in the vaporisation chamber converts the sample to a gas if it had not been a gas already. Following that, the sample would proceed into the ionisation chamber where an electron gun bombards electrons at the gaseous sample converting them to positive ions. The equation for this is . The sample at this stage would be go to the accelerator which contains negatively charged electric plates where it accelerates the ions towards the magnetic field. The gaseous ions when approaching the magnetic field would be separated according to t heir mass to charge ratio (). The lighter ions are deflected more, and the heavier ions are deflected less. At the end of the sample’s route is an ion detector where the signal is converted to an electric one. The electric signal is sent to a recorder that interprets this data and plots a graph for analysis because the ions hit the recorder in different positions according to their mass to charge ratio. Lastly, the position where the ions hit the detector plate tells you their relative atomic mass. A practical application for a gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer is in the analysis of urine samples from athletes for banned substances such as steroids or stimulants or even in medical research to separate peptides and proteins. Some advantages of using this method in separating and analysing the sample is that it is possible to determine the percentages of dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in blood samples as small as 1.0 cm3. Some of the disadvantages are that similar compounds will have similar retention times and if a newly discovered compound is detected it will not have a match in the computer’s database of retention points. As a conclusion, electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer are techniques that affect everyday life. Electrophoresis has a useful function in helping to match the DNA from a crime scene to the criminal in cases where more evidence were need to convict the right person. The nuclear magnetic resonance machines have a the ability to form a 3D image of your inner body and that is useful in the case where detailed analysis of patients in a hospital is important. Other techniques for analysis are mostly either too invasive or too slow. Last but not least is the gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer whose function is to separate compounds to analyse the composition. 1

After a Decade of Global War on Terror Essay

The exodus of Russians from Afghanistan, the megalomania of Iraq’s Saddam, the spread of Islam in the West, the domestic and external pressure on the American economy, the 9/11 historical event, and the voluminous studies of latter-day Dr Strangelove’s clones nurtured and financed by massively-funded American think tanks were all contributing factors in a series of initiatives undertaken by Washington that came to be known as the Global War On Terror. The rise of neo-Christian fundamentalists to counter the upsurge in militant Islamic forces gave strong support to the hype created by President Bush advisors and analysts that Saddam possessed weapons of mass destruction and enabled him to put in motion the grand plan to globally spread American influence. Pakistan got caught in this tornado for some understandable reasons. The only Islamic nation possessing the bomb, bordering Afghanistan, controlling supply lines to Kabul, with ethnic and religious camaraderie transcending the border, largely dependant on Washington-controlled financing agencies, with a ballooning population under 25 years old that may be swayed by extremist elements, and the docility of it’s political and military leadership to United States’ dictation. Thus the loud threat of â€Å"you with us or you against us† worked pronto and Pakistan was touted as the frontline state in GWOT. The decade of this GWOT has made Pakistan front-page news day in and day out. Every week some American high-up or some Congressional delegation comes to Islamabad and, while breathing down the neck of the political and military leadership, proclaims the mantra of â€Å"Do More†. This has put Pakistan in a precarious position and its impact has been widespread all across the country. Over this eventful and volatile decade, Pakistan has faced situations that have fundamentally changed its political, economic, and social landscape. The GWOT enabled the democratic forces to unite against a government controlled by President General Pervez Musharraf and negotiate a new political order thru the notorious National Reconciliation Order. This paved the way for Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif to end their self-imposed and forced exiles. The assassination of Benazir Bhutto has been blamed on the terrorists and extremists that are the legacy of GWOT. The Liaquat Bagh Rawalpindi tragedy created a wave of sympathy and her party came into power with her tainted husband anointing himself as President. â€Å"Democracy is the best revenge† became the rallying slogan, but political instability, political expediency, and political distrust cast a glooming shadow on all imperative and crucial national decisions. The government hid its weaknesses, its insensitivity, and its in ability to undertake decisions by camouflaging it as outcome of its fulltime concentration and determination to weed out terrorism and extremism. On the social side, the nation has been horrendously affected by the ten years of intense involvement in the GWOT. The most sad and tragic outcome has been the death of over 35,000 citizens and military personnel. Scarce financial resources have been diverted to fighting this war at the cost of neglecting social sectors such as education and health. The track record of various governments has always been pathetic when it came to allocation for social sectors. No government has spent more that 3% of GDP on health and education and the GWOT also encroached on this allocation too. The rehabilitation and rebuilding of war-torn areas put a huge dent in the Treasury. Moreover, biased ethnicity, tribal rivalry, and parochial mindset all gained strength from the after-effects of this war and impacted on the decision making process of the government and the administration. Pakistan has been the worst sufferer in economic terms because of the GWOT. The Finance Ministry has estimated that the nation spent over US$ 68 billion during the past decade in fighting this war. This amount equals the combined 2010-11 import and export figure. In the past couple of years, the government has drastically cut down essential projects under the Pakistan Social Development Program while also arbitrarily raising electricity and gas rates. The GWOT, coupled with the annual floods, have also messed up the GDP rate which is less than 3% with scant chance of it crossing the 3.50% mark in the current fiscal year. Asian Development Bank has estimated an annual 7% growth rate to absorb the burgeoning labor force that is looking for meaningful employment. This is a tall order and there is no window of opportunity on the horizon. Pakistan’s image has been seriously tarnished due to the GWOT. This has put pressure on the development of new export markets and affected the comfort zone that importers of Pakistani products had in dealing with their suppliers. The law and order imbroglio, especially in Karachi, has also been detrimental to the progress of Pakistan’s economy. Notwithstanding the highest-ever exports in 2010-11, the fact is that it was more due to increase in world prices rather than additional increase in quantity. Today, unemployment is a major issue and it naturally induces the unemployed to succumb to the â€Å"sales pitch† of terrorist and extremist organizations. Pakistan’s defence bill is tremendously increasing inspite of the efforts of the military hierarchy not to open new military operation theatres to fight terrorism. Pakistan is not being timely compensated by America for the huge expenses incurred by the defence forces. Moreover, the Kerry-Luger-Bremen Act under which development aid would be forthcoming has also been a victim of the change in Washington’s perception of the Pakistan’s efforts. Even the International Financing Institutions, primarily IMF, also get their signals from Washington. Now, Pakistan is compelled to announce that it is abandoning the IMF program and not applying for a new initiative to tackle its economic requirements. All in all, with a limited financial base, with only about $200 billion GDP, with 185 million people, with tremendous competition in the global export market, with obvious political instability, with rise of extremist Islamic militants, with no signs of cessation of hostilities at the border, and with United States wanting Pakistan to â€Å"Do More†, Pakistan will not be the ultimate beneficiary of the Global War on Terror.

Emotional Quotient And Spiritual Intelligence In The Workplace Essay

As the world progresses and advances towards globalization, the global economy is demanding for the existence of well-managed companies and organizations. Responding to this demand, organizations are trying to find more effective formula that will enhance or improve their outputs. Two of the latest discoveries that attract companies and organizations are the concepts of emotional and spiritual development of their human resources. More and more companies are integrating the said formula in their programs and action plans as they recognize the need of these concepts that were long been neglected. In this paper, we will analyze the arguments of two chosen articles which focus on Emotional Intelligence (Must Have EQ by Anthony Landale) and Spiritual Intelligence (The Practical Application of Spiritual Intelligence in the Workplace by Mike George). Anthony Landale, in his article entitled â€Å"Must Have EQ†, argued that Emotional Intelligence or EQ (Emotional Quotient) the key for an organization to meet the challenge of getting people work together more effectively (Landale, Andrew Feb/March 2007, page 24). In line with this, the author presented his stand in four clear points. First, he argued that EQ is vital in keeping the organization or team members intact. Second, he argued that each team member must be able to learn how to manage our emotions by constantly checking our own individual behaviors. Landale made it clear that behaviors are innate in humans and that every person has his own set of good and bad behaviors. Relative to this, a person who has high emotional intelligence is able to manage even the undesirable behaviors by expressing them in the right place, time and manner. Third, Landale argued that EQ development requires empathy, which is putting oneself in the place of others. This means that one is required to constantly deal with others at work, learn to adjust as needed and be able to adapt with the situation. Lastly, the author stressed that communication is vital in the development of emotional intelligence and of keeping the organization healthy. To be able to do this, every member must maintain an open and honest communication. It was also stressed that a two-way communication line is required which means that feedback to and from management must be kept working. Emotional intelligence is therefore measured according to the person’s skill of managing his or her emotions and behaviors because EQ is actually â€Å"Self-Management. † In partnership with EQ, a company must also train its human resources to develop Spiritual Intelligence (SQ). The author centered his arguments on the practical applications of SQ especially in the workplace because SQ development focuses on the three deepest motivations of humans: creativity, meaning and purpose (George, Mike 2006, page 3). The author argued that since Spiritual Intelligence directly work with these three human motivations, SQ development will definitely make a company a vibrant workplace. If a person’s SQ is well-developed, he will be able to have a clear sense of his identity and a definite purpose. Spiritual intelligence enables a person to live with integrity by setting a good example. Because SQ gives the individual the power the flexibility to adapt to the environment, a person with high SQ is able to be cool and focused even in a stressful situation. By developing one’s self-awareness, a person with high SQ also will have the power to find the cause of his emotions, its meanings and be able to manage them. This in turn will develop one’s empathy. Spiritual intelligence focuses on the development on a person’s ability to fight the ego in order for him to adapt to changes. Finally, development of spiritual intelligence enables a person to recognize the non-material reality of his being that is humans have non-material needs which when recognized alleviates life’s insecurity. If cognitive intelligence is about thinking and emotional intelligence is about feeling, then spiritual intelligence is about being† (McMullen, Brian 2003). In line with the arguments of Landale and George, this statement is parallel with their point of view that EQ has something to do with self-management while SQ deals with self-awareness of the non-material reality of the being. In the modern world, people are inclined to boosting their cognitive intelligence (IQ) as this may seem the measuring device for one’s success in life. But the real working world does not acknowledge the importance of IQ alone, rather the development of all four basic intelligences that define the successful individual. â€Å"IQ appears to be related to minimum standards to enter a given a profession† (Wiggleswoth, Cindy ). In line with Landale’s claim that EQ is of managing emotions, a study of store managers in retail chain proved that efficient management of emotions especially with stress is important for success (Cherniss, Cary 2000). However Cherniss stressed that this is just one aspect of the complex scope of emotional intelligence. He said that â€Å"emotional intelligence has as much to do with knowing when and how to express emotion as it do with controlling it. † This statement corroborates Landale’s idea that EQ is of acknowledging and identifying the emotions and learning how to express them in a proper behavior (Landale, Andrew 2007, page 24). The importance of this aspect of EQ was proven worthwhile in modern organizations as with the experiment done in the US navy wherein researchers found that â€Å"the most effective leaders in the US Navy were warmer, more outgoing, emotionally expressive, dramatic, and sociable† (Barsade, S. t. al 1998). Another aspect of emotional intelligence is empathy which is proven by researchers that it contributes to occupational success (Cherniss, Cary 2000). This is the aspect that overlaps with the concept of spiritual development which also acknowledges the importance of empathy in recognizing the cause of the emotions and be able to utilize them in adapting to changes. â€Å"EQ is the development of the capacity for self-control and the ability to respond with sensitivity and empathy† (Oxford Leadership Academy). This is also important if a manager or someone in the organization would like to positively influence the work behaviors of other members. A practical application of this as cited in one article is that one’s effectiveness can influence others depending on one’s ability to connect with them particularly of understanding the feelings of others (Goleman, Daniel 1999). To effectively influence others we also need to be able to manage our own emotions. Connected to EQ development is the spiritual intelligence which centers on developing the skills of the person in managing the inner self or the non-material reality of one’s being as claimed by George. One author defined spiritual intelligence as â€Å"the ability to behave with Compassion and Wisdom while maintaining inner and outer peace (equanimity) regardless of the circumstances† (Wigglesworth, Cindy). Since compassion encompasses the ability to understand the feelings of others, as what empathy suggests, the concepts of EQ and SQ therefore work together towards the complete success of a person and the organization where he belongs. The practical point of this is that when someone is emotionally and spiritually intelligent, he will be able to make the most out of his skills, emotions, behaviors and traits in managing himself and in turn will give him the power to positively connect with others. That optimism is brought about by the fact that the person, with empathy and compassion, understands the emotions of others which give him the ability to stay calm and focused no matter what the situation brings. Relative to George’s argument that spiritual intelligence in necessary for a person to live a life with integrity and in line with the clear purpose, one author has the same perspective. According to 1Wigglesworth, spiritual intelligence development encompasses self and universal awareness including the ego and social mastery. In the management world, spiritually intelligent manager is a â€Å"wise and effective change agent† who makes compassionate and wise decisions. Wigglesworth further said that SQ enables managers to have the calming and healing presence in the midst of stressful workplace. In contrast with George who did not acknowledge the importance of communication in the development of SQ, Landale stressed that EQ development requires a manager to â€Å"prioritize the giving and receiving of feedbacks† (Landale, Anthony 2007). Connecting with other members of the organization builds and cultivates relationships and that can only be possible when open communication is active in the organization. Putting the essentials of emotional and spiritual intelligence, we clearly draw out the idea that the development of these basic intelligences focus on relationships which is especially important in building an effective, efficient working environment. The human resources of the organization are its most valuable assets so it is vital that that training and development should include the wholeness of their being. Companies of the modern economy is already recognizing the fact the business is not all about making money, rather it encompasses the building of organization members with multiple intelligence. An organization with personnel, especially leaders, who have well developed cognitive, emotional and spiritual intelligence, is a happy and enthusiastic working environment. Developing the emotional and spiritual intelligence is the answer to the intangible needs of the organization: healthy working relationships.

The Events of September 11, 2001

On the morning of September 11, 2001, Islamic extremists organized and trained by the Saudi-based jihadist group al-Qaeda hijacked four American commercial jet airliners and used them as flying bombs to carry out suicide terrorist attacks against the United States. American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into Tower One of the World Trade Center at 8:50 AM. United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into Tower Two of the World Trade Center at 9:04 AM. As the world watched, Tower Two collapsed to the ground at about 10:00 AM. This unimaginable scene was duplicated at 10:30 AM when Tower One fell.   At 9:37 AM, a third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was flown into the west side of the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, initially being flown toward an unknown target in Washington, D.C., crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania at 10:03 AM, as passengers fought with the hijackers. Later confirmed as acting under the leadership of Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden, the terrorists were believed to be attempting to retaliate for America’s defense of Israel and continued military operations in the Middle East since the 1990 Persian Gulf War.   The 9/11 terrorist attacks resulted in the deaths of nearly 3,000 men, women, and children and the injuries of more than 6,000 others. The attacks triggered major ongoing U.S. combat initiatives against terrorist groups in Iraq and Afghanistan and largely defined the presidency of George W. Bush. America’s Military Response to the 9/11 Terror Attacks No event since the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor propelled the nation into World War II had the American people been brought together by a shared resolved to defeat a common enemy. At 9 PM on the evening of the attacks, President George W. Bush spoke to the American people from the Oval Office of the White House, declaring, â€Å"Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.† Foreshadowing America’s impending military response, he declared, â€Å"We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them.† On October 7, 2001, less than a month after the 9/11 attacks, the United States, supported by a multinational coalition, launched Operation Enduring Freedom in an effort to overthrow the oppressive Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda terrorist network. By the end of December 2001, U.S and coalition forces had virtually eradicated the Taliban in Afghanistan. However, a new Taliban insurgency in neighboring Pakistan resulted in the continuation of the war. On March 19, 2003, President Bush ordered U.S. troops into Iraq on a mission to overthrow Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, believed by the White House to be developing and stockpiling weapons of mass destruction while harboring Al Qaeda terrorists in his county. Following the overthrow and imprisonment of Hussein, President Bush would face criticism after a search by United Nations inspectors found no evidence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Some argued that the Iraq War had unnecessarily diverted resources from the war in Afghanistan. Though Osama bin Laden remained at large for over a decade, the mastermind of the 9/11 terror attack was finally killed while hiding out in an Abbottabad, Pakistan building by an elite team of U.S. Navy Seals on May 2, 2011. With the demise of bin Laden, President Barack Obama announced the beginning of large-scale troop withdrawals from Afghanistan in June 2011. As Trump Takes Over, War Goes On Today, 16 years and three presidential administrations after the 9/11 terror attacks, the war continues. While its official combat role in Afghanistan ended in December 2014, the United States still had nearly 8,500 troops stationed there when President Donald Trump took over as Commander in Chief in January 2017. In August 2017, President Trump authorized the Pentagon to increase the troop levels in Afghanistan by several thousand and announced a change in policy regarding the release of future troop level numbers in the region. â€Å"We will not talk about numbers of troops or our plans for further military activities, Trump said. Conditions on the ground, not arbitrary timetables, will guide our strategy from now on,† he said. â€Å"Americas enemies must never know our plans or believe they can wait us out.† Reports at the time indicated that top US military generals had advised Trump that a â€Å"few thousand† additional troops would help the U.S. make progress in eliminating the insurgent Taliban and other ISIS fighters in Afghanistan. The Pentagon stated at the time that the additional troops would be conducting counterterrorism missions and training Afghanistan’s own military forces.   Updated by Robert Longley